Here’s a detailed overview of the life and legacy of Sarojini Naidu (born Sarojini Chattopadhyay), often called the “Nightingale of India”. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
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She was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad, into a Bengali Brahmin family. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, was principal of the Nizam’s College in Hyderabad and an advocate of women’s education. (Constitution of India)
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Her mother, Barada Sundari Devi, was a poet in Bengali—so she grew up in a literary, progressive environment. (India Today)
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She passed the matriculation exam from the University of Madras at age 12. (Constitution of India)
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She then won a scholarship to study abroad: at King’s College London and later at Girton College, Cambridge. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Literary Career
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Sarojini Naidu began writing quite early; by her teens she was already active in poetry. (Jagranjosh.com)
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Her first collection of poems The Golden Threshold was published in 1905. (www.ndtv.com)
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Other works include The Bird of Time (1912), The Broken Wing (1917), and The Sceptred Flute (1928). (Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Her poetry is celebrated for its lyrical beauty, vivid imagery, and themes of patriotism, romance, nature and social consciousness. (Indiatimes)
Role in India’s Freedom Struggle
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She joined the Indian National Congress in 1904 and became active in the Indian independence movement. (Jagranjosh.com)
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She was a strong advocate for women’s rights — for example, she helped establish the Women’s Indian Association in 1917, and also pressed for women’s suffrage in India. (europeana.eu)
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In 1925, she became the first Indian woman to be elected President of the Indian National Congress (at its Kanpur session). (IndiaOnline.in)
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She participated in major movements: the Salt Satyagraha (1930), civil disobedience protests, and the Quit India Movement (1942). She was arrested multiple times. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
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After independence in 1947, she was a member of the Constituent Assembly (which drafted India’s Constitution). (Constitution of India)
Post-Independence and Legacy
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Upon India’s independence (15 August 1947), she was appointed as Governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), becoming the first woman governor of an Indian state. (www.ndtv.com)
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She served until her death on 2 March 1949. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Her birthday, 13 February, is celebrated in India as National Women’s Day, in recognition of her contribution to women’s empowerment. (Wikipedia)
Themes & Significance
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Bridging literature and politics: Sarojini Naidu stands out as someone who was both a gifted poet and a committed political activist. Her literary work was not separate from her activism—it complemented it.
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Women’s inclusion in freedom movement: She consistently emphasized that the struggle for national independence must include women and social reform—she worked to bring women into the public and political sphere.
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Symbol of modern India: By being educated abroad, engaging in high political office, and writing in English yet rooted in Indian themes, she represented a new kind of Indian leadership emerging in the early 20th century.
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Cultural legacy: Her poems (for example, “In the Bazaars of Hyderabad”) are still taught and admired; her image as “Nightingale of India” underscores the enduring cultural memory.
A Few Key Dates at a Glance
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1879 | Born on 13 February in Hyderabad. (Encyclopedia Britannica) |
| 1905 | Published The Golden Threshold. (www.ndtv.com) |
| 1917 | Helped establish Women’s Indian Association. (europeana.eu) |
| 1925 | Becomes President of Indian National Congress. (IndiaOnline.in) |
| 1947 | Appointed Governor of United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh). (www.ndtv.com) |
| 1949 | Died on 2 March. (Encyclopedia Britannica) |
If you like, I can pull up some of her poems (with analyses) or show how her writing influenced later generations. Would you like that?
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